Herpes simplex 2 e citomegalovirus: efeitos citopáticos vs mecanismos de infecção: [revisão] / Herpes simplex 2 virus and cytomegalovirus cytophatic effects vs infection mechanics: [review]

O vírus, contrariamente a outras classes de agentes que afetam o organismo, não são observáveis em microscopia óptica, refletindo-se apenas microscopicamente em efeitos virais (ECPV), que permitem identificá-los por constituírem um conjunto de alterações patognomônicas a nível celular. O aumento nuclear, a variação da morfologia celular, a perda do padrão da cromatina, as inclusões intranucleares ou intracitoplasmáticas ou a multinucleação, são alguns dos ECPV mais comuns. Entre os vírus que afetam a mucosa genital na família Herpesviridae, inserem-se Herpes Simplex 2 e o Citomegalovirus, cujo diagnóstico deverá ter em conta a complexidade dos mecanismos de replicação. Assim, e apesar dos vários métodos para a detecção do vírus, a citologia continua a ser um método viável para o diagnóstico destas infecções virais, sendo que a compreensão do processo de infecção contribui para a correta avaliação microscópica. Este trabalho tem como finalidade efetuar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o grupo Herpes, focando o Herpes Simplex 2 e o Citomegalovirus, assim como, explicar e relacionar os ECPV, associados ao grupo Herpes , tendo por base os mecanismos de infecção.

Acute toxicity (LD50 and CD50) of lidocaine and prilocaine in combination with adrenaline and felypressin.

The toxicity of the combination of vasoconstrictors to local anaesthetic solutions has been debated since its first use in the beginning of this century. A combination of two vasoconstrictors to a local anaesthetic has been proposed by some researchers. In this study they were evaluated the acute toxicity (lethal dose 50%, convulsion dose 50%) and latency times of loss of righting reflex and convulsion as well as the duration of convulsion) of 2% lidocaine or 3% prilocaine, when administered in combination with adrenaline and felypressin at various concentrations. Lethal dose 50% studies showed that for both anaesthetics the solutions with higher concentrations of adrenaline were more toxic. The opposite was observed in the convulsion dose 50% studies. No alterations were observed in the control groups. All lidocaine solutions increased the latency of loss of righting reflex. The latency of convulsion was increased in some groups, but once the convulsion was achieved there was no difference in its duration. There was no statistical difference among prilocaine groups for any of the variables studied. Based on the experimental model studied, it was concluded that there is no advantage in the association of two vasoconstrictors concerning the toxicity of lidocaine and prilocaine solutions.